Pedigree은 엄격히 말하면 동물의 혈통을 나타내는 계보를 의미합니다. 사람의 족보라고 말할 경우에는 family tree, family pedigree, genealogy, lineage라고 말합니다. 

21. family tree : a genealogical diagram; genealogy
족보를 종이에 그려보면 나무가 가지 치는 모양으로 계속되므로 족보를 family tree라고 하는 것 같습니다.

일가/친척(relatives)은 혈연적으로 서로 관계가 있는(related) 사람들입니다. 그러나 처가 사람들은 혈연적으로는 전혀 관계가 없으며 결혼에 근거한 법적인 관계에 있는 사람들이므로 뒤에 -in-law가 붙습니다. 예컨대 father, mother, brother, sister, daughter, son에 -in-law가 붙어, father-in-law(장인어른, 시아버지), mother-in-law(장모, 시어머니), brother-in-law(처남, 남편의 형제, 형부), sister-in-law(처형, 처제, 남편의 여자 형제, 제수, 형수), daughter-in-law(며느리), son-in-law(사위)가 됩니다.

• "Does your problem involve your husband, Mrs. Blake?"
  No answer.
  "Are you and your husband compatible, physically?"
  "Yes." Embarrassed.
  "Do you suspect him of having an affair with another woman?"
  "No." Amused.
  "Are you having an affair with another man?"
  "No." Angry.
  <중략>
  "Do you quarrel about money?"
  "No. He's very generous."
  "Any in-law problem?"
  "He's an orphan. ..." [The Naked Face written by Sidney Sheldon]
• Before the industrial revolution, for example, family forms varied from place to place. But wherever agriculture held sway, people tended to live in large, multigenerational households, with uncles, aunts, in-laws, grandparents, or cousins all living together under the same roof, all working together as an economic production unit-from the "joint family" in India to the "zadruga" in the Balkans and the "extended family" in Western Europe. And the family was immobile-rooted to the soil.
  [The Third Wave written by Alvin Toffler]

21-1. stepmother : the wife of one's father by a subsequent marriage/계모

• stepfather : the husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage/계부

22. biped [bi-, two + pedis < pes, foot] : any two-footed animal

• You wouldn't consider all the bipeds you pass on the street human beings simply because they walk upright and carry their young in their bellies nine months !  It is obvious how many of them are fish or sheep, worms or angels, how many are ants, how many are bees !  Well, each one of them contains the possibility of becoming human, but only by having an intimation of these possibilities, partially even by learning to make himself conscious of them; only in this respect are these possibilities his. 
  [Demian written by Hermann Hesse]

• bi- : a root meaning "two" [SEE : Click here]

23. centipede [centi-, hundred + pedis < pes, foot] : any of a class (Chilopoda) of long flattened many-segmented predaceous arthropods with each segment bearing one pair of legs of which the foremost pair is modified into poison fangs; a small long thin animal with many legs that eats other animals/ 지네(류)

• centi- : a root meaning "hundred" [SEE : cent, centigrade, centimeter, century, etc.]

24. cirriped [cirrus , curl + pes , pedis , foot.]: one of the Cirripedia/ 만각류 (蔓脚類) 의 동물 (따개비조개삿갓 등)

• Cirripedia [ cirrus , curl + pes , pedis , foot] :an order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group.
  　
• cirr-, cirri-, cirro- : a root meaning "curl" [SEE : cirrocumulus(권적운: 卷積雲), cirrostratus(권층운 : 卷層雲), cirrus, etc.] 

25. expedient [ex-, out, free from + pes , pedis , foot] : 
(adj.) helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable; convenient/적당한,유리한,편리한 ... (족쇄로부터) 발(foot : ped-)을 풀어(ex-) 놓으면 얼마나 편하기도 하고 어떠한 상황에서도 처신하기가 유리하며 임기응변을 취하기가 쉽습니다.

• If it is expedient to do something, it is useful or convenient to do it.
• The management has taken a series of expedient measures to improve the company's financial situation.
• We thought it expedient not to pay the builder until he had finished the work. 
• The President didn't find it expedient to attend the meeting.

• An expedient is an action that achieves a particular purpose, but may not be morally acceptable.
• Income controls were used only as a short-term expedient.
• Before choosing a dentist, we took the expedient (=the useful action) of asking friends which one they recommended. 
• The company is having to cut jobs as an expedient.

Comparison
 EXPEDIENT usu. implies what is immediately advantageous without regard for ethics or consistent principles; POLITIC stresses judiciousness and tactical value but usu. implies some lack of candor or sincerity; ADVISABLE applies to what is practical, prudent, or advantageous but lacks the derogatory implications of EXPEDIENT and POLITIC.

26. expediency/ -ence :

• Expediency is behavior in which you do what is convenient, rather than what is morally right.
• I think this government operates on the basis of expediency, not of principle (=they do what they think will help them, not what they think they should do). 
• As a matter of expedience (=in order to help the present situation), we will not be taking on any new staff this year.

27. expedite [expeditus < expedire = ex-, out, free from + pes , pedis , foot] : to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry ... 옛날에 노예들은 양 발이 쇠사슬로 묶인 채로 노역을 했습니다. 그러나 그래서야 일이 제대로 될 리가 만무하고 효율성도 없었을 것입니다. 쇠사슬을 풀어 발이 자유로운 상태에서 일을 하게하면 일이 빠르고 일사 천리로 될 텐데 말입니다. 교육도 마찬가지 입니다. 학부모님께 한 말씀 드립니다. 애들을 학원이다 과외다 등등으로 족쇄를 채워 놓으면 앞날이 불 보듯 뻔합니다. 스스로 할 수 있도록 풀어 주세요. 로보트처럼 기계적으로 생활한 결과 얻은 100점보다 학생 스스로 해서 얻은 50점이 더 값지고 인생에 있어서 더 도움이 된다고 생각합니다. 그런데 요즘 애들은 자기가 관리할 수 있는 시간이 거의 없습니다. 애들에게 시간을 주어야 합니다. 자유로운 시간에 자유로운 사고 없이는 두뇌 활동에 발전을 기대하기는 어렵습니다. 

• I'd be grateful if you could do something to expedite a reply to my query. 
• We've got to expedite this order because they need it by tomorrow. 

28. expedition :
① a journey or excursion undertaken for a specific purpose; a group of persons making such a journey; a long, organized trip for a particular purpose, or the people, vehicles, or ships making such a trip / 탐험(대), 원정대
An expedition is a journey made for a particular purpose.
a military expedition 
Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912. 
The British expedition to Mount Everest is/are leaving next month. 
[Figurative] We're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday. 
② efficient promptness; speed
We will deal with your order with the greatest possible expedition (=as quickly as possible). 

• expeditionary : of, relating to, or being an expedition; sent on military service abroad
  Expeditionary forces are soldiers sent to other countries to fight in a war. 
• expeditious : characterized by or acting promptly and efficiently
  The bank was expeditious (=quick) in replying to my letter. 

29. impede [im-, not + ped, pes, foot : 발길을 막는군요] : 
① to interfere with; hinder; hamper
② to slow (something) down or prevent (an activity) from making progress at its previous rate 
Shortages of medicine were impeding the effort to control diseases.
Although he's shy it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.

• impediment
  The lack of funds is a major impediment to research.
  In a number of developing countries war has been an additional impediment to progress.

Comparison
SYNONYMS .. HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of. 
HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress <rain hindered the climb>. 
IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering <tight clothing that impedes movement>. 
OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way <the view was obstructed by billboards>. 
BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress <a landslide blocked the road>.

30. millipede [mille-, thousand + -pede, foot] : any of numerous myriapods (class Diplopoda) having usu. a cylindrical segmented body covered with hard integument, two pairs of legs on most apparent segments, and no poison fangs/[動物]노래기

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First uploaded : July 22, 2000 / Last updated : March 18, 2002