곤충(昆蟲) ... 절지동물(節肢動物)

“곤충(昆蟲)”은 “절지동물(節肢動物)”로써 “몸 안이 마디로 나누어져 있는 동물” 입니다. 즉, 영어로는 insect인데 이를 어원적으로 분석해 볼까요? insect는 [in-(en), in,안에, 안으로 + sect , to cut, 자르다, 쪼개다]가 됩니다. “(몸)안이 (마디로) 쪼개져 있다”라는 뜻이죠?  따라서, “곤충=insect” 또한 당근입니다.

insect : any of a large class of small arthropod animals (절지동물) characterized, in the adult state, by division into head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs on the thorax, and, usually two pairs of membranous wings

방아개비(grasshopper)하면 긴 다리로 풀(grass) 위를 이리 저리 뛰어다니는(hop) 모습을 떠 올릴 수 있고, 무당벌레(ladybug)하면 그 화려한 색상이 한 폭의 다홍치마를 연상케 하여 숙녀 곤충(ladybug)이라 할 수 있을 것입니다.  

날아다니는(fly) 것은 파리(fly) 당할 것이 없으며, 버터(butter)를 바른 듯이 하느적 하느적 우아하게 나는 것은 나비(butterfly)가  단연 최고이지요.  

파리(fly) 중에 용(龍,dragon)처럼 큰 파리는 잠자리(dragonfly)이고요, 불빛(fire)을 내며 날아(fly)다니는 것은 반딧불(firefly)이지요. 거미(spider)하면 거미인간 “스파이더 맨(spiderman)”이 생각나고요, 모기(mosquito)는“모 (mo-)”자로 시작하네요. 또한 사람(man)에 티(ti)가 있는 것처럼 나 있는 것이 사마귀인데 어렸을 적에 저희는 사마귀를 사마귀(mantis) 입에 갖다 대곤 하며 놀았습니다. 사마귀(mantis)가 사마귀를 뜯어 먹어 없애 주는 줄 알았기 때문이죠.

1.ant : 개미  

• LG Securities announced recently that recent the jump in stocks has created an inflow of over 1 trillion won into the stock market this month alone on the part of individual investors, who are collectively referred to as the "Ant Army".
• Indians think of the earth and the whole universe as a never - ending circle, and in this circle man is just another animal. Even the tiniest ant, even a louse, even the smallest flower you can find - they are all relatives that includes everything that grows, crawls, runs, creeps, hops, and flies on this continent. White people see man as nature's master and conqueror, but Indians, who are close to nature, know better.

2.grasshopper : 방아깨비  

• Before thinking about how grasshoppers solve the power problem of muscles, let's think about how humans solve the same problem. Exactly the same difficulty faces a human who wants to throw something as faces a grasshopper that wants to throw itself (after all, that's what jumping is -  throwing oneself using ones legs). A good throw needs a rapid and forceful arm movement, muscles can produce high force or high speed, but not both. 
  Humans have solved this problem by using tools, such as the catapult, or bow-and-arrow. The archer uses her arm muscles to store energy in the bow slowly, and the bow then transfers this energy to the arrow quickly. In physics terms, the bow is acting as a power amplifier. So what has all this got to do with grasshoppers?  The answer is that grasshoppers developed their very own catapults about 100  million years before humans ever thought of them. This catapult is built into the back legs of every grasshopper.

3.cicada : 매미  

• The cicadas have begun to sing!  All together they sound like a Boeing 767 is circling 40 feet overhead. The sound is that awesome.

4.locust : 메뚜기  

• Trouble with the United Nations grew this week when Iraq ordered a U.N. official to leave the country, accusing him of breeding locusts to destroy crops.
• The newer oversized ads were never subtle, rarely clever and always the biggest nuisance wherever the scenery was most spectacular. Somewhere along the line, many states realized that billboards were breeding like locusts.
• Swarms of locusts migrating from Kazakhstan devoured large tracts of farmland in central Siberia during a span of only a few days. The insects were first observed near Novosibirsk, about 1,750 miles east of Moscow.  They later descended on 1,250 acres of sunflower and grain crops, which are the key agricultural output of the region. The devastation comes as grain supplies are dwindling across Russia.

5.mantis :  사마귀  

• Takers of this tour will come out knowing that penguins mate only once a year, see why the praying mantis   is considered an aggressive  lover, and realize that there are gay couples in the animal kingdom, too.
• Mantises are famous in many cultures. In some cultures, they are considered holy. Some believe that if you are lost, and you see a mantis, that you should go in the direction it is facing : that will lead you home.  Others think that the mantis always  prays facing Mecca. The mantis is also famous for its almost  human mating habits - when the male and female are done mating, the female eats the male...

6.spider : 거미  

• We must also stress the fact that any bite can be dangerous, as even the most harmless of spiders can have an adverse affect on certain people. Any spider bite should be reported to your doctor.

7.cricket :귀뚜라미  

• This very popular show started in 1958 and takes place in Tama Zoo's Insectarium located in the Tokyo suburbs. At the 1993 show, forty three singing cricket and long-horned grasshopper species could be seen and heard by visitors. Each year, the Insectarium receives several thousand telephone calls from people wanting advice on how to raise singing insects.

8.bee : 꿀벌  

• Although the bee is a very small and vulnerable being, it has its own way of attacking enemies, even at the risk of its own life. It can also give sweet honey to a friend.

9.ladybug :무당벌레  

• Lady beetles, also known as ladybird beetles or ladybugs, are beneficial insects which help control many pests.

10.mosquito :모기  

• When adult mosquitoes emerge from the aquatic stages, they mate, and the female seeks a blood meal to obtain the protein necessary for the development of her eggs. The females of a few species may produce a first batch of eggs without this first blood meal. After a blood meal is digested and the eggs are laid, the female mosquito again seeks a blood meal to produce a second batch of eggs. Depending on her stamina and the weather, she may repeat this process many times without mating again. The male mosquito does not take a blood meal, but may feed on plant nectar. He lives for only a short time after mating.

11.fly : 파리  

• Flies are notorious carriers of animal and human disease. Flies can carry almost every germ known to man. They can harbor bacteria and viruses inside their system or on their surface hairs.
• The dairy inspectors view the presence of flies as evidence of unsanitary conditions that may result in pathogenic contamination of milk.

12.firefly : 반딧불  

• Fireflies are not really "flies" as entomologists know them, but are beetles. "Flies" have one pair of wings (like houseflies) while all other winged insects have two pairs of wings, or, four wings altogether. In general, when the common names of insects contain the word "fly" as part of a one word common name such as firefly or dragonfly, the insects are not true flies and belongs to another order of insects. When the word "fly" is hyphenated or follows the first word of an insect common name, it is most likely a true fly (and by definition, has only two wings).

• Fireflies produce light via a chemical reaction consisting of Luciferin(a substrate) combined with Luciferase (an enzyme), ATP(adenocyne triphosphate) and oxygen. When these components are added, light is produced. McElroy (1951) described the reaction as:   
  There are several theories on how fireflies control the "on" and "off" of their photic organs(발광기관). However, the exact mechanism(s) has yet to be worked out. The "Oxygen Control Theory" is based on the firefly turning on and off its light by controlling the oxygen supply to the photic organ(발광기관) for use in the chemical reaction. Regardless of how fireflies control the "on" and "off" of their  bioluminescence, the production of light in the above manner is very efficient, with very little heat being given off as wasted energy. Imagine what would happen if the beetle got as warm as a light bulb!
         

13.butterfly : 나비  

• Imagine strolling through a lush tropical rainforest with hundreds of exotic Butterflies flying overhead and all around you, stopping to feed on the nectar blossoms covering the paths in their natural paradise.  Sound like a dream?  Well, proof that dreams really do come true exists  at  BUTTERFLY  WORLD, where you can walk  among thousands of live Butterflies in all stages of life  and enter their habitat. Enjoy the beauty and elegance  of nature's delicate "flying flowers", as you walk through our screened aviary gardens, home to thousands of Butterflies from all over the world.

14.dragonfly : 잠자리

• I have frequently had dragonflies land on my arms or shoulders while I was out in the fields or near streams or lakes, and I always take it as a blessing and a sign of good luck.
• Photography of dragonflies is a time consuming endeavor. Whether the photographer is trying to capture a dragonfly on film in a natural setting or trying to frame an image in the studio, much time and film can be spent before the final print is available.

15.entomology [en-, in, 안에 + tom-, to cut + (o)logy, 학문] : "몸 안이 마디로 된 것(곤충)을 다루는 학문" /곤충학(昆蟲學)

• entomologist :곤충학자

First uploaded : June 20, 1999 / Last updated : February 23, 2002

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