1. atom : the smallest piece of a simple substance (element) that can exist alone or combine with other substances (to form molecules)

• Sixty years ago in a Berlin lab, German scientists became the first to split an atom - setting another milestone in Germany's proud scientific tradition.

• Chlorine, a halogen (i.e. highly reactive), is what combines with ozone(O₃) to accomplish the depletion. The disaster theorists want you to believe the following formulas take place daily in nature : CCl₂F₂ (CFCs) ultraviolet radiation yields Cl CClF₂,and that the single chlorine atom produces the reaction Cl O₃ yielding ClO O₂. While O₂ is the oxygen we breathe, it is useless in blocking ultraviolet radiation. Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is also quite reactive and undergoes ClO O yielding Cl O₂. The basic idea is that you start with CFCs, and that a single chlorine atom is released by sunlight. The consensus among the ozone scare enthusiasts is that 7500 tons of chlorine atoms are released yearly to bounce around the stratosphere in this fashion.

• "Moat" is an anagram for "atom".

만화 "아톰" 생각나십니까? 
Even older Koreans, those in their 30s and older, can recall cartoon series such as  "Atom", a flying robot, and "Galaxy Railway 999" from the '70s and '80s, respectively. They were all made in Japan.

2. atomize : (v)
① to separate into atoms   
② to reduce ( a liquid) into a fine spray
③ to destroy by atomic weapons
④ to separate into many parts or fragments; disintegrate

3. atomizer : a device used to shoot out a fine sprat, as of medicine or perfume/ 분무기

4. atomic bomb / atom bomb / A-bomb/ nuclear bomb : a bomb that uses the explosive power of nuclear energy /원자폭탄 

•  Japan is the only nation in the world to have been victimized by nuclear bomb  attacks, which is the reason why resistance in Japan to the production of nuclear weapons is stronger than in almost every other country in the world. Japanese environmental groups and a vast number of citizens have raised their voices in opposition to the shipment of the nuclear fuel, saying there is no commercial justification for this program.

• The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima only a few days before their surrender.

• We need not prohibit the progress of genetic cloning without proper reason. The atomic bomb has caused great disasters to humankind, but radiation has been utilized beneficially in the diagnosis and treatment of many various diseases. Genetic techniques present many risks to humanity, but their good use is sure to overcome many now incurable diseases and may improve human health. We need to have the wisdom to make good use of this technology for all mankind. 

• When word leaked last summer that U.S. intelligence had discovered a secret vast underground complex at Kumchang-ri suited for developing atomic bombs, the North Koreans responded with their usual weapons of anger and need. They demanded $300 million in cash for one inspection of the site.

5. nuclear family : a family unit that consists only of husband, wife, and children, without grandmothers, uncles, etc. /핵가족 [antonym : extended family /확대가족] 

• The rise of the nuclear family here, with its alienation of senior citizens, has eroded the very core of our society. As the most basic unit of our community, the family must continue to provide emotional stability and moral values to its members.

• The so-called nuclear family-father, mother, and a few children, with no encumbering relatives-became the standard, socially approved, "modern" model in all industrial societies, whether capitalist or socialist. Even in Japan, where ancestor worship gave the elderly an exceptionally important role, the large, close-knit, multigenerational household began to break down as the Second Wave advanced. Ore and more nuclear units appeared. In short, the nuclear family became an identifiable feature of all Second Wave societies, marking them off from First wave societies just as surely as fossil fuels, steel mills, or chain stores.
  [The Third Wave written by Alvin Toffler]

• The nuclearization of the extended family has weakened the caring functions of the family support for the aged parents.

• Before the industrial revolution(산업혁명), for example, family forms varied from place to place. But wherever agriculture held sway, people tended to live in large, multigenerational households, with uncles, aunts, in-laws, grandparents, or cousins all living together under the same roof, all working together as an economic production unit-from the "joint family" in India to the "zadruga" in the Balkans and the "extended family" in Western Europe. And the family was immobile-rooted to the soil.
  [The Third Wave written by Alvin Toffler]

6. nuclear fission : the splitting of the nuclei of atoms into two fragments of approximately equal mass, accompanied by conversion of part of the mass into energy / 핵분열

• The UCLA(University of California at Los Angeles) scientists said the new cancer therapy would be less harsh on the body than traditional chemotherapy because it targets only cancer cells and kills them with nuclear fission instead of chemicals that poison the body.

• Even the Berlin institute that bears the name of Otto Hahn, who won a Nobel prize for discovering nuclear fission in 1938, has gotten out of nuclear physics and into things like solar energy.

7. nuclear fusion : the fusion of lightweight atomic nuclei, as of deuterium or tritium, into a nucleus of heavier mass, as of helium, with a resultant loss in the combined mass, which is converted into energy / 핵융합 

• Americans are losing patience with nuclear fusion, once considered a promising energy source of the future.  The Tokamak Fusion Reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory - one of the world's most powerful experimental fusion reactors - illustrates the point. No fusion reactor has ever achieved a self-sustaining burn of nuclear fuel, although the Princeton reactor set a record in 1994 by producing nearly 11 million watts of fusion power for about one second. The reactor has been shut down for financial reasons. Fusion is the process that powers the sun. It occurs when atoms, usually hydrogen ions in a gas plasma, collide at high temperatures and fuse. The heat energy released can be converted to electricity. Fusion also promises environmental benefits. If it could be properly harnessed, it would emit little or no radiation, scientists believe. By comparison, deadly radiation is a byproduct of nuclear fission, a process involving the splitting of atoms that drives existing nuclear reactors.

8. nuke :
① to attack with nuclear weapons
② nuclear

• Citing threats to the environment and huge construction costs, local environmental groups yesterday called on the government to give up a plan to build more nuclear power plants.

• South Korea, Japan and the United States will open three-way consultation talks in Seoul today to discuss a series of North Korea-related issues, including missile development  and the suspected underground nuke site.

• NASA's mammoth Saturn-bound spacecraft will skirt within 725 miles of Earth early Tuesday, picking up a boost for its seven-year voyage and refueling anxiety among Cassini's anti-nuke opponents. The two-story, $3.4 billion spacecraft and  the 72 pounds of on-board plutonium that keeps it operational sparked  an intense  pre-launch war of words(설전) two years ago. Activists feared an accident during launch or the Earth fly-by could rain down Cassini's carcinogenic cargo. NASA managers said the risks were extremely low and the scientific benefits very high. The launch went off without a hitch(= was a complete success)  in October 1997 from Cape Canaveral. 

9. nuclear weapon : 핵무기

• Most analysts here believe the Pyongyang regime is counting on the missile program as a last resort(최후의 보루로서) to preserve its system, especially now that its nuclear weapons program has lost its leverage in negotiations with the United States.

10. IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) : 국제원자력기구

• Pyongyang is under moral obligations with the Non-Nuclear Proliferation Treaty, the IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) Safeguards Agreement as well as South-North Korea Joint Denuclearization Declaration, that are essential to peace and stability on the Korean peninsula.

• President-elect Roh Moo-hyun urged Pyongyang Friday to reverse a series of recent steps to reactivate its nuclear program and restore seals and monitoring cameras installed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at various facilities. In a statement, Roh said he urges North Korea to take no more measures that might worsen the situation. Roh also expressed concern over the reclusive state's moves to develop nuclear weapons. North Korea has recently moved 1,000 fresh fuel rods to a storage facility at its main nuclear reactor in Yongbyon and said it was restarting the plant to generate electricity. The North last week removed IAEA seals and monitoring cameras from its nuclear facilities despite international appeals for restraint. He said such moves run counter to the expectations of the international community, which is against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and to the Korean nation's aspirations for peace on the peninsula.
  [KBS Radio Broadcast dated on December 27, 2002]

First uploaded : June 20, 1999 / Last updated : December 28, 2002